最低工资会直接影响企业的雇佣成本,进而会影响企业的雇佣结构。本文利用207 631个企业的调查数据以及当地最低工资的数据,实证检验了最低工资如何影响企业内部的雇佣技能结构。结果发现,在最低工资标准提高后,企业内部雇佣的中等技能劳动力占比增加,高技能劳动力占比减少,从而导致企业内部雇佣的平均技能降低,这一结论在各项稳健性检验下依旧成立。因此,政府应合理调整最低工资标准,避免对企业造成过大的用工成本压力;政府应多扶持中小企业,帮助中小企业实现转型升级,这也有助于促进中高技能劳动力更好地就业。

The minimum wage will directly affect the employment cost of the enterprise, which in turn will affect the employment structure of the enterprise. This paper uses the survey data of 207631 enterprises and the local minimum wage data faced by each enterprise to empirically test how the minimum wage affects the internal employment skill structure of the enterprise. It is found that after the minimum wage is raised, the proportion of medium-skilled labor employed within the enterprise is significantly increased, and the proportion of high-skilled labor is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the average skill of internal employment. This conclusion is still established under a number of robustness tests. Therefore, the government should reasonably adjust the minimum wage standard to avoid causing excessive labor cost pressure; the government should support more SMEs and help SMEs achieve transformation and upgrading, which also helps to promote the employment of highly skilled labor.