目的 评估子宫颈锥切术后高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染患者使用干扰素α-2b栓联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年10月至2023年9月南京市第一医院(南京医科大学附属南京医院)收治的86例采用子宫颈锥切术治疗且术后3个月内存在持续高危型HPV感染的患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为对照组(仅使用干扰素α-2b栓治疗)和研究组(在对照组的基础上联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗),每组43例。比较两组阴道微生态感染指标、阴道微生态功能指标及转阴情况，记录两组用药不良反应发生情况。结果 两组需氧菌性阴道炎(AV)阳性、细菌性阴道病(BV)阳性、滴虫性阴道炎(TV)阳性、外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)阳性占比比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组pH值≥4.6占比、白细胞酯酶(LE)阳性占比小于对照组，研究组HPV转阴例数多于对照组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后，两组阴道分泌物增多及外阴瘙痒发生率比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 子宫颈锥切术后高危型HPV持续感染患者使用干扰素α-2b栓联合乳酸菌阴道胶囊能显著提高HPV清除率，安全性好。

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of interferon α-2b suppository combined with lactobacillus vaginal capsules in patients with persistent high-risk human papilloma virus(HPV) infection after cervical conization. Methods A total of 86 patients who underwent cervical conization at Nanjing First Hospital(Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University) from October 2021 to September 2023 and had persistent high-risk HPV infection within 3 months after surgery were selected as the study subjects. The patients were randomly divided into a control group(treated with interferon α-2b suppository only) and a study group(treated with interferon α-2b suppository combined with lactobacillus vaginal capsules) using a random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. Vaginal microecological infection indicators, vaginal microecological functional indicators, and negative conversion status were compared between the two groups, and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in both groups was recorded. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the proportions of aerobic vaginitis(AV)-positive, bacterial vaginosis(BV)-positive, trichomonal vaginitis(TV)-positive, and vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC)-positive cases(P > 0.05). The proportion of pH ≥4.6 and leukocyte esterase(LE)-positive cases in the study group was lower than that in the control group, and the number of HPV-negative conversion cases in the study group was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences(P < 0.05). After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of increased vaginal discharge and vulvar itching between the two groups(P > 0.05). Conclusions Interferon α-2b suppository combined with lactobacillus vaginal capsules can significantly improve the HPV clearance rate and has good safety in patients with persistent high-risk HPV infection after cervical conization.