The mission of the Journal of Economic Science is to implement the 'Hundred Flowers Campaign', flourish economic theories, promote academic exchanges, and serve China's reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization. As a comprehensive economic theory publication, the Journal of Economic Science primarily encompasses academic papers on foundational and applied macro-microeconomics, fiscal science, finance, international economics and trade, industrial economics, economic management, economic history, and history of economic doctrines. For a long time, as a leading journal in China's economic theory, it has always been at the forefront of theoretical research, closely related to the practice of China's economic system reform and opening up. It reflects the latest achievements in domestic and international economic academic research, publishing a number of high-level research papers and had a positive social impact, promoting further deepening of academic research.

In terms of manuscript selection, the Journal of Economic Science emphasizes the frontier nature, innovativeness, and exploratory nature of research content; focuses on real economic problems, believes that as an applied academic field, economics should be able to discover the economic laws behind reality, and strives to provide theoretical analysis and guidance for solving real problems; emphasizes the independence of research, does not follow trends, sticks to real issues; insists on "let a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend," encourages the exchange and discussion of different academic perspectives; and insists on basing research methods on reality, does not easily negate the use of mathematical models, and does not consider models as primary conditions, emphasizes need to research "real problems" and pay attention to the economic reason analysis behind empirical results; while paying sufficient attention to macro-microeconomic issues, financial theory and popular research areas in financial markets, it also insists on supporting unpopular disciplines such as economic history and the history of economic thought.

In terms of journal management, the Journal of Economic Science adheres to a strictly standardized operating mode and a quality-oriented manuscript selection principle. Through an anonymous review system and editorial board collective discussion mechanism, it ensures the scientific and fair review of manuscripts. Over the years, the academic impact and journal impact factor of the Journal of Economic Science have always been at the forefront of university economic theory publications, gradually forming its own unique features in academic content and journal style.